What is the mechanism of action for acetaminophen?

Acetaminophen primarily acts by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which is crucial for its analgesic (pain-relieving) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. Prostaglandins are chemicals in the body that promote inflammation, pain, and fever. By interfering with their production, acetaminophen effectively reduces pain and lowers body temperature during fever.

The mechanism of action is particularly significant in the central nervous system, where acetaminophen appears to have a greater effect on the enzymatic processes involved in prostaglandin production. This is contrasted with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which work similarly but also have peripheral effects that contribute to their anti-inflammatory properties.

This ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis is what makes acetaminophen a common choice for patients who may need pain relief without the blood-thinning effects of other medications, thus avoiding complications such as bleeding, which can occur with options that inhibit platelet function. Additionally, acetaminophen does not influence bronchial airways or stimulate nerve growth, focusing instead on the pathways involved in pain and fever management.